World Journal of Emergency Medicine ›› 2022, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 459-466.doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.106
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Peng-da Han1, Ding Gao1, Jie Liu1,2, Jing Lou1,3, Si-jia Tian1, Hui-xin Lian1, Sheng-mei Niu1, Lu-xi Zhang1, Yong Wang1(), Jin-jun Zhang1()
Received:
2022-08-29
Accepted:
2022-10-02
Online:
2022-10-31
Published:
2022-11-01
Contact:
Yong Wang,Jin-jun Zhang
E-mail:wangyong7096@aliyun.com;zhang92560@163.com
Peng-da Han, Ding Gao, Jie Liu, Jing Lou, Si-jia Tian, Hui-xin Lian, Sheng-mei Niu, Lu-xi Zhang, Yong Wang, Jin-jun Zhang. Medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2022, 13(6): 459-466.
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URL: http://wjem.com.cn/EN/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.106
Table 1.
Number (n) and proportion (%) of injuries and illnesses in different sports in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games
Sports | Injuries | Illnesses | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | ||
Ice sports | |||||||
Curling | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Ice hockey | 10 | 25 | 35 | 2 | 3 | 5 | |
Skating | |||||||
Figure | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
Short track | 8 | 6 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 11 | |
Speed | 26 | 7 | 33 | 6 | 5 | 11 | |
Information on sport/event missing * | 42 | 9 | 51 | 3 | 5 | 8 | |
Ice track | |||||||
Bobsleigh | 5 | 18 | 23 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
Luge | 1 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Skeleton | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
Snow sports | |||||||
Alpine skiing | |||||||
Technology (Downhill, super-G) | 11 | 18 | 29 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
Speed (Giant Slalom, Slalom ) | 13 | 11 | 24 | - | 2 | 2 | |
Freestyle skiing | |||||||
Aerials | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | |
Halfpipe | 3 | 3 | 6 | - | - | - | |
Moguls | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Ski cross | 2 | 2 | 4 | - | - | - | |
Slopestyle | 9 | 6 | 15 | 1 | - | 1 | |
Big air | 9 | 0 | 9 | - | - | - | |
Snowboarding | |||||||
Halfpipe | 0 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | |
Slopestyle | 5 | 3 | 8 | 1 | - | 1 | |
Snowboard cross | 6 | 3 | 9 | - | - | - | |
Slalom | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
Big air | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1 | - | 1 | |
Nordic skiing | |||||||
Biathlon | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 9 | |
Cross-country skiing | 5 | 11 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 11 | |
Nordic combined | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
Ski jumping | - | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Other* | 9 | 4 | 13 | - | 1 | 1 | |
Total | 174 | 152 | 326 | 46 | 34 | 80 |
Table 2.
The information of injuries in sports scheduled during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games
Injuries | Ice sports | Snow sports | Other (n=13) | Total (n=326) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ice hockey (n=35) | Skating (n=104) | Ice track (n=37) | Alpine skiing (n=53) | Freestyle skiing (n=36) | Snowboarding (n=28) | Nordic skiing (n=20) | ||||
Injury location | ||||||||||
Face (including eye, ear, nose) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | - | - | 2 | 15 (4.6) | |
Head | 2 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 12 (3.7) | |
Neck/cervical spine | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 8 (2.5) | |
Thoracic spine/upper back | - | 4 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 5 (1.5) | |
Sternum/ribs | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | 4 (1.2) | |
Lumbar spine/lower back | - | 9 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 34 (10.4) | |
Abdomen | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 (0) | |
Pelvis/sacrum/buttock | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | 5 (1.5) | |
Shoulder/clavicle | 12 | 1 | - | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 22 (6.8) | |
Elbow | - | 4 | - | 3 | - | 2 | - | 1 | 10 (3.1) | |
Arm | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | 9 (2.8) | |
Wrist | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | 1 | 3 | - | - | 11 (3.4) | |
Hand | 3 | 4 | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 13 (4.0) | |
Finger | 1 | - | 2 | - | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | 8 (2.5) | |
Hip | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 (0.6) | |
Groin | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 (0.6) | |
Thigh | - | 18 | 3 | 4 | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | 30 (9.2) | |
Knee | 4 | 18 | 15 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 72 (22.1) | |
Lower leg | - | 9 | 1 | 4 | 1 | - | - | - | 15 (4.6) | |
Ankle | 2 | 11 | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | 23 (7.1) | |
Foot/toe | 2 | 15 | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | 3 | 1 | 26 (8.0) | |
Injury type | ||||||||||
Concussion | 2 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 11 (3.4) | |
Fracture (trauma, stress, other bone injuries) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 26 (8.0) | |
Sprain (dislocation, subluxation, ligamentous rupture) | 2 | 6 | - | - | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 21 (6.4) | |
Strain (muscle rupture, tear, tendon rupture) | 1 | 52 | 13 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 95 (29.1) | |
Meniscus, cartilage | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 (0.9) | |
Contusion, haematoma, brusie | 4 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 5 | - | 4 | 41 (12.6) | |
Tendinosis, tendinapathy | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 (1.2) | |
Arthritis, synovitis, brusitis | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 (0.6) | |
Impingement | 22 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 54 (16.6) | |
Laceration, abrasion, skin lesion | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 28 (8.6) | |
Dental injury, broken tooth | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 4 (1.2) | |
Muscle cramps, spasm | - | 26 | - | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 31 (9.5) | |
Other (nerve, spinal cord, fasciitis) | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 (1.8) |
Table 3.
Information on the 52 athletes in emergency medical service
Injury types | Sports with the highest number |
---|---|
Concussion | 2 in snowboard cross, 1 in skating sports, 1 in snowboarding big air, 1 in ice hockey |
Fracture | 4 in alpine skiing, 1 in figure skating, 1 in aerials, 1 in other |
Sprain (dislocation, subluxation, ligamentous rupture) | 2 in ski cross, 1 in figure skating, 1 in short track skating, 1 in freestyle skiing slopestyle, 1 in freestyle skiing big air, 1 in snowboarding halfpipe, 1 in snowboarding slopestyle, 1 in snowboard cross,1 in cross-country skiing, 1 in other, 1 in ice hockey |
Strain (muscle rupture, tear, tendon rupture) | 2 in speed skating, 1 in short tract skating |
Contusion, haematoma, brusie | 2 in other, 2 in ice hockey, 1 in snowboarding slopestyle |
Impingement | 7 in ice hockey, 2 in snowboarding slopestyle, 2 in snowboard cross, 1 in short tract skating, 1 in aerials, 1 in freestyle skiing slopestyle, 1 in ski jumping |
Laceration, abrasion, skin lesion | 2 in alpine skiing, 1 in short tract skating, 1 in freestyle skiing big air |
Other (nerve, spinal cord, fasciitis) | 1 in snowboard cross |
Table 4.
The information of illnesses in sports scheduled during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games
Illnesses | Ice hockey (n=5) | Skating (n=33) | Ice track (n=10) | Alpine skiing (n=5) | Freestyle skiing (n=2) | Snowboarding (n=2) | Nordic skiing (n=22) | Other (n=1) | Total n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illness affected system | |||||||||
Gastrointestinal | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | 6 (7.5) |
Respiratory | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 3 (3.8) |
Allergic, immunologica | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 (1.3) |
Metabolic, endocrinological | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 (1.3) |
Dermatological | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (1.3) |
Dental | 1 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 1 | - | 6 | 1 | 28 (35.0) |
Ophthalmological, otolaryngological | 1 | 17 | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | - | 22 (27.5) |
Other (urogenital, gynaecological, cardiovascular, neurological, psychiatric, musculoskeletal) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | - | 1 | 9 | - | 18 (22.5) |
Illness symptoms | |||||||||
Fever | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Pain | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | - | 6 | - | 23 (28.8) |
Diarrhoea, vomiting | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 (1.3) |
Dyspnoea, cough | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 3 (3.8) |
Other (dehydration, anaphylaxis, lethargy, dizziness, asymptomatic) | 2 | 26 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 53 (66.3) |
Illness cause | |||||||||
Infection | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | - | 22 (27.5) |
Environmental | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 3 | - | 5 (6.3) |
Exercise-induced | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 (1.3) |
Other (preexisting, medicine) | 2 | 28 | 7 | 1 | 1 | - | 12 | 1 | 52 (65.0) |
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