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World Journal of Emergency Medicine ›› 2021, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (3): 185-191.doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2021.03.004

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Prognosis-related classification and dynamic monitoring of immune status in patients with sepsis: A prospective observational study

Jun Yin1, Yao Chen1(), Jun-ling Huang1, Lei Yan1, Zhong-shu Kuang1, Ming-ming Xue1, Si Sun1, Hao Xiang1, Yan-yan Hu1, Zhi-min Dong1, Chao-yang Tong1, Chun-xue Bai2(), Zhen-ju Song1()   

  1. 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2020-09-12 Accepted:2021-03-26 Online:2021-06-01 Published:2021-05-31
  • Contact: Yao Chen,Chun-xue Bai,Zhen-ju Song E-mail:chenyao17@fudan.edu.cn;bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn;song.zhenju@zs-hospital.sh.cn

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The dynamic monitoring of immune status is crucial to the precise and individualized treatment of sepsis. In this study, we aim to introduce a model to describe and monitor the immune status of sepsis and to explore its prognostic value.

METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, enrolling septic patients admitted between July 2016 and December 2018. Blood samples were collected at days 1 and 3. Serum cytokine levels (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and CD14+ monocyte human leukocyte antigen-D-related (HLA-DR) expression were measured to serve as immune markers. Classification of each immune status, namely systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), and mixed antagonistic response syndrome (MARS), was defined based on levels of immune markers. Changes of immune status were classified into four groups which were stabilization (SB), deterioration (DT), remission (RM), and non-remission (NR).

RESULTS: A total of 174 septic patients were enrolled including 50 non-survivors. Multivariate analysis discovered that IL-10 and HLA-DR expression levels at day 3 were independent prognostic factors. Patients with MARS had the highest mortality rate. Immune status of 46.1% patients changed from day 1 to day 3. Among four groups of immune status changes, DT had the highest mortality rate, followed by NR, RM, and SB with mortality rates of 64.7%, 42.9%, and 11.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Severe immune disorder defined as MARS or deterioration of immune status defined as DT lead to the worst outcomes. The preliminary model of the classification and dynamic monitoring of immune status based on immune markers has prognostic values and is worthy of further investigation.

Key words: Infectious disease, Immune dysfunction, Immune status classification, Cytokine