The S100 protein family and its application in cardiac diseases

Abstract

Abstract:

The S100 protein family is the largest group of EF-hand signaling proteins in humans. The members of the S100 protein family are expressed in many tissues and play different functions. Many diseases are related to S100 proteins, which function as new biochemical markers especially in cardiac diseases. The most studied members, protein S100Β and protein S100A1, exhibit activities in cardiac diseases, and these immunohistochemical expressions or serum levels have been used in predicting neurologic outcome after resuscitation of cardiac arrest or recovery of cardioprotective function.

Key words: Cardiac function, S100 proteins, Markers

Xiu-jie Wang, Man Wang. The S100 protein family and its application in cardiac diseases[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2010, 1(3): 165-168.

Figures/Tables 1

References 32

1	Moore BW. A soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1965; 19:739-744. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90320-7 pmid: 4953930
2	Moore BW, Mcgregor D. Chromatographic and electrophoretic fractionation of soluble proteins of brain and liver. J Biol Chem 1965; 240:1647-1453. pmid: 14285503
3	Moore BW, Perez VJ, Gehring M. Assay and regional distribution of a soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system. J Neurochem 1968; 15:265-272. pmid: 4966699
4	Wright NT, Cannon BR, Zimmer DB, Weber DJ. S100A1: structure, function, and therapeutic potentia. Curr Chem Biol 2009; 3:138-145. doi: 10.2174/187231309788166460 pmid: 19890475
5	Ludwin SK, Kosek JC, Eng LF. The topographical distribution of S-100 and GFA proteins in the adult rat brain: an immunohistochemical study using horseradish peroxidase-labelled antibodies. J Comp Neurol 1976; 165:197-207. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861 pmid: 1107363
6	Gaynor R, Herschman HR, Irie R, Jones P, Morton D, Cochran A. S100 protein: a marker for human malignant melanomas? Lancet 1981; 1:869-871. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(58)91625-8 pmid: 13526298
7	Sedaghat F, Notopoulos. AS100 protein family and its application in clinical practice. Hippokratia 2008; 4:198-204
8	Heizmann CW, Fritz G, Schafer BW. S100 proteins: structure, functions and pathology. Front Biosci 2002; 7:d1356-368. pmid: 11991838
9	Ikura M. Calcium binding and conformational response in EFhand proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 1996; 21:14-17. pmid: 8848832
10	Wild D. The immunoassay handbook. 2nd ed. London: Nature Publishing Group; 2001: 660.
11	Dunn R, Landry C, O'Hanlon D, Dunn J, Allore R, Brown I, et al. Reduction in S100 protein beta subunit mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells following treatment with anti-microtubular drugs. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:3562-3566. pmid: 3818655
12	Ehlermann P, Remppis A, Guddat O, Weimann J, Schnabel PA, Motsch J, et al. Right ventricular upregulation of the Ca(2+) binding protein S100A1 in chronic pulmonary hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1500:249-255 doi: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00106-4 pmid: 10657594
13	Remppis A, Greten T, Schäfer BW, Hunziker P, Erne P, Katus HA, et al. Altered expression of the Ca(2+)-binding protein S100A1 in human cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1313:253-257. pmid: 8898862
14	Kiewitz R, Acklin C, Minder E, Huber PR, Schafer BW, Heizmann CW. S100A1, a new marker for acute myocardial ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 274:865-871. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3229 pmid: 10924368
15	Most P, Boerries M, Eicher C, Schweda C, Ehlermann P, Pleger ST, et al. Extracellular S100A1 protein inhibits apoptosis in ventricular cardiomyocytes via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). J Biol Chem 2003; 278:48404-48412. pmid: 12960148
16	Remppis A, Greten T, Schäfer BW, Hunziker P, Erne P, Katus HA, et al. Altered expression of the Ca(2+)-binding protein S100A1 in human cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1313:253-257. pmid: 8898862
17	Prosser BL, Wright NT, Hernãndez-Ochoa EO, Varney KM, Liu Y, Olojo RO, et al. S100A1 binds to the calmodulin-binding site of ryanodine receptor and modulates skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:5046-557. Epub 2007 Dec 17. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M709231200 pmid: 18089560
18	Most P, Seifert H, Gao E, Funakoshi H, Völkers M, Heierhorst J, et al. Cardiac S100A1 protein levels determine contractile performance and propensity toward heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006; 114:1258-1268. pmid: 16952982
19	Most P, Seifert H, Gao E, Funakoshi H, Völkers M, Heierhorst J, et al. S100A1: a regulator of myocardial contractility. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:13889-13894. doi: 10.1073/pnas.241393598 pmid: 11717446
20	Most P, Remppis A, Pleger ST, Löffler E, Ehlermann P, Bernotat J, et al. Transgenic overexpression of the Ca2+-binding protein S100A1 in the heart leads to increased in vivo myocardial contractile performance. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:33809-33817. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M301788200 pmid: 12777394
21	Most P, Pleger ST, Völkers M, Heidt B, Boerries M, Weichenhan D, et al. Cardiac adenoviral S100A1 gene delivery rescues failing myocardium. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:1550-1563. doi: 10.1172/JCI21454 pmid: 15578088
22	Most P, Boerries M, Eicher C. Distinct subcellular location of the Ca2+-binding protein S100A1 differentially modulates Ca2+-cycling in ventricular rat cardiomyocytes. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:421-431. doi: 10.1242/jcs.01614 pmid: 15654019
23	Most P, Remppis A, Weber C. The C terminus (amino acids 75-94) and the linker region (amino acids 42-54) of the Ca2+-binding protein S100A1 differentially enhance sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release in murine skinned skeletal muscle fibers. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:26356-26364. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M303338200 pmid: 12721284
24	Kiewitz R, Acklin C, Schäfer BW, Maco B, Uhrík B, Wuytack F, et al. Ca2+-dependent interaction of S100A1 with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a and phospholamban in the human heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 306:550-557. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00987-2 pmid: 12804600
25	Völkers M, Loughrey CM, Macquaide N, Remppis A, DeGeorge BR Jr, Wegner FV, et al. S100A1 decreases calcium spark frequency and alters their spatial characteristics in permeabilized adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2007; 41:135-143. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2006.06.001 pmid: 16919727
26	Schaub MC, Heizmann CW. Calcium, troponin, calmodulin, S100 proteins: from myocardial basics to new therapeutic strategies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:247-264. pmid: 17964289
27	Sen J, Belli A. S100B in neuropathologic states: the CRP of the brain. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:1373-1380 pmid: 17348038
28	Kuzumi E, Vuylsteke A, Guo X, Menon DK. Serum S100 protein as a marker of cerebral damage during cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2000; 85:936-937. doi: 10.1093/bja/85.6.936 pmid: 11732538
29	Rosén H, Rosengren L, Herlitz J, Blomstrand C. Increased serum levels of theS100 protein are associated with hypoxic brain damage after cardiac arrest. Stroke 1998; 29:473-477. doi: 10.1161/01.str.29.2.473 pmid: 9472892
30	Rosen H, Sunnerhagen KS, Herlitz J, Blomstrand C, Rosengren L. Serum levels of the brain-derived proteins S-100 and NSEpredict long-term outcome after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2001; 49:183-191. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9572(00)00348-8 pmid: 11382525
31	Shinozaki K, Oda S, Sadahiro T, Nakamura M, Hirayama Y, Abe R, et al. S-100B and neuron-specific enolase as predictors of neurological outcome in patients after cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation: a systematic review. Crit Care 2009; 13:R121. Epub 2009 Jul 22. doi: 10.1186/cc7973 pmid: 19624826
32	Derwall M, Stoppe C, Brücken D, Rossaint R, Fries M. Changes in S-100 protein serum levels in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia: a prospective, observational study. Crit Care 2009; 13:R58. Epub 2009 Apr 16. doi: 10.1186/cc7785 pmid: 19368739

Members of the S100 protein family	Chromosome loci
S100A1-S100A18 trichohylin fillagrin repetin	1q21
S100B	21q22
S100G	Xp22
S100P	4p16
S100Z	5q14

[1]	Wan-qin Xie, Lin Zhou, Yong Chen, Bin Ni. Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of congenital heart defects [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2016, 7(2): 85-89.
[2]	Chun-tao Wu, Zhong-hua Wang, Zhu-qin Li, Lan-feng Wang. Effect of spironolactone on cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2013, 4(1): 48-53.
[3]	Yan Chen, Wei Yang, Gan-nan Wang, Jun Li, Xiao-rong Li, Jian Zhang, Wei Yuan, Dao-wu Wang, Jin-song Zhang, Ke-jiang Cao. Circulating microRNAs, novel biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction: a systemic review [J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2012, 3(4): 257-260.