Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of congenital heart defects

doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2016.02.001

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, and play important regulatory roles in normal heart development and the pathogenesis of heart diseases. Recently, a few prospective studies have implicated the diagnostic role of microRNAs in congenital heart defects (CHD).
DATA RESOURCES: This review retrieved the research articles in PubMed focusing on the altered microRNAs in cardiac tissue or serum of patients with CHD versus healthy normal controls, as well as the studies exploring circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for (fetal) CHD.
RESULTS: Most of the studies of interest were conducted in recent years, implicating that the topic in this review is a newly emerging field and is drawing much attention. Moreover, a number of differentially expressed microRNAs between CHD specimens and normal controls have been reported.
CONCLUSION: Circulating microRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of CHD in the future, with more efforts paving the road to the aim.

Key words: Congenital heart defects, Biomarkers, MicroRNA

Wan-qin Xie, Lin Zhou, Yong Chen, Bin Ni. Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of congenital heart defects[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2016, 7(2): 85-89.

Figures/Tables 1

Table 1

Publications with respect to microRNAs in heart tissue/plasma of patients with CHD

Authors	Samples for initial screening	Method	Altered microRNAs
Bittel et al^[19,20]	Right ventricular (RV) myocardium from infants with TOF (n=16) versus normally developing hearts (n=8)	MicroRNA array; qRT-PCR	61 microRNAs including miR-421, -1275, -27b, -1201, and-122
Liang et al^[22]	Right ventricular out-flow tract tissues of TOF (n=10) versus proximal ventricular tissue of healthy subjects (n=8)	MicroRNA array; qRT-PCR	75 microRNAs including miR-940
He et al^[23]	Biopsy of right ventricular out-flow tract of cyanotic (TOF) patients versus acyanotic (VSD+RVOS)	qRT-PCR	miR-138
Zhang et al^[24]	Myectomy tissues from right ventricular out-flow tract (RVOT) obstruction of infants with TOF versus age-matched normal RVOT tissue	MicroRNA array; qRT-PCR	41 candidate miRNAs, of which 18 were validated (miR-424/424, -222)
Yu et al^[25]	Cardiac tissue from the ventricles of aborted fetuses (20-22 weeks) with SV (n=3) versus aborted fetuses without cardiac malformations (n=3)	Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection (SOLiD) sequencing; qRT-PCR	48 microRNAs with 38 down-regulated (miR-214, -19b, -126) and 10 up-regulated (miR-200, -10, -206)
Li et al^[26]	Cardiac tissue from VSD patients (n=28) versus cardiac tissue from healthy individuals (n=9)	qRT-PCR	miR-1-1 and miR-181c
Wang et al^[27]	28 CHD samples (4 atrium, 3 ventricle, 1 auricle, 2 ventricular septum, 10 outlet, and 8 aorta samples) versus 9 normal heart tissue samples	qRT-PCR	miR-10a, miR-10b
Lai et al^[28]	Serum samples of systemic right ventricular (n=5) versus serum samples of healthy controls (n=5)	TaqMan Low Density Array; qRT-PCR	23 candidate microRNAs upregulated; 11 microRNA validated (miR-16, -106a, -144, -18a, -25, -451, -486-3p, -486-5p, let-7e, and -93)
Li et al^[29]	Venous blood of 3 patients with VSD versus 3 VSD-free controls	MicroRNA microarray and qRT-PCR	15 microRNAs upregulated and 21 microRNAs down-regulated; 8 microRNAs (let-7e-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-433) were further validated
de la Morena et al^[30]	Peripheral blood of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (n=31) compared to normal controls (n=22)	MicroRNA arrays	18 microRNA with differential expression; miR-185 was 0.4X fold of normal levels
Zhu et al^[31]	Pooled maternal serum of 3 pregnant women with fetal CHD versus 3 normal pregnancies (18-22 weeks of gestation)	SOLiD sequencing; qRT-PCR	Four microRNAs (miR-19b, -22, -29c, and -375) upregulated

Table 1

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