World Journal of Emergency Medicine ›› 2015, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1): 48-53.doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.01.009
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Emad Hokkam1,2(), Abdelaziz Gonna3, Ossama Zakaria4, Amany El-shemally4
Received:
2014-05-07
Accepted:
2015-01-06
Online:
2015-03-15
Published:
2015-03-15
Contact:
Emad Hokkam
E-mail:ehokkam@gmail.com
Emad Hokkam, Abdelaziz Gonna, Ossama Zakaria, Amany El-shemally. Trauma patterns in patients attending the Emergency Department of Jazan General Hospital, Saudi Arabia[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015, 6(1): 48-53.
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URL: http://wjem.com.cn//EN/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.01.009
Table 2
Trauma characteristics of the patients (n=1 050)
Variables | Number | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Types of trauma | |||||
Blunt | 324 | 30.9 | |||
Penetrating | 96 | 9.1 | |||
Minor injury | 630 | 60 | |||
Causes of trauma | |||||
Blunt | |||||
Motor car accident | 207 | 19.7 | |||
Falling down | 48 | 4.6 | |||
Violence | 69 | 6.6 | |||
Penetrating | |||||
Stabbing 62 | 5.9 | ||||
Firearm 34 | 3.2 | ||||
Minor injury | |||||
Cut wound 420 | 40 | ||||
Contused wound 210 | 20 | ||||
Interval between trauma and hospitalization | |||||
< 30 minutes | 323 | 30.8 | |||
30-60 minutes | 548 | 52.2 | |||
1-2 hours | 126 | 12 | |||
≥ 2 hours | 53 | 5 | |||
Mean±SD | 41.3±79.8 |
Table 3
Results of clinical evaluation of the patients (n=1 050)
Variables | Results | |
---|---|---|
Heart rate (beats/minute) | ||
Mean±SD | 88.4±10.2 | |
Range | 40-140 | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | ||
Mean±SD | 120.7±15.1 | |
Range | 50-210 | |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | ||
Mean±SD | 76.7±10.9 | |
Range | 20-120 | |
Respiratory rate (cycle/minute) | ||
Mean±SD | 14.5±1.9 | |
Range | 10-33 | |
Consciousness level shown by AVPU scale (n, %) | ||
Alert | 972 (92.6) | |
Response to verbal stimuli | 30 (2.9) | |
Response to painful stimuli | 3 (0.3) | |
Unresponsive | 45 (4.3) | |
Consciousness level by GCS (n, %) | ||
13-15 | 975 (92.9) | |
9-12 | 30 (2.9) | |
6-8 | 0 (0) | |
4-5 | 21 (2) | |
3 | 24 (2.2) |
Table 4
Comparison between patients with blunt trauma and those with penetrating trauma (n, %)
Characteristics | Blunt trauma | Penetrating trauma | Pvalue | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
< 18 | 58 (17.9) | 11 (11.5) | 0.003* | |
18- | 156 (48.1) | 43 (44.7) | ||
30- | 56 (17.3) | 28 (29.2) | ||
50- | 31 (9.6) | 14 (14.6) | ||
≥ 60 | 23 (7.1) | 0 (0) | ||
Sex | ||||
Male | 178 (54.9) | 86 (89.6) | 0.001* | |
Female | 146 (45.1) | 10 (10.4) | ||
Total | 324 | 96 | ||
Residence | ||||
Rural | 115 (35.5) | 39 (40.6) | 0.4 (NS) | |
Urban | 209 (64.5) | 57 (59.4) | ||
Interval between trauma and hospitalization | ||||
≤ 30 minutes | 81 (25) | 35 (36.5) | 0.001* | |
30-60 minutes | 153 (47.2) | 50 (52.1) | ||
1-2 hours | 71 (21.9) | 7 (7.3) | ||
≥ 2 hours | 19 (5.9) | 4 (4.2) | ||
Duration of stay in emergency room | ||||
≤ 30 minutes | 59 (18.2) | 24 (25) | 0.003* | |
> 30-60 minutes | 83 (25.6) | 37 (38.5) | ||
60-180 minutes | 135 (41.7) | 17 (17.7) | ||
> 3 hours | 47 (14.5) | 18 (18.8) | ||
Fate | ||||
Discharged after treatment of trivial trauma | 69 (21.3) | 14 (14.6) | 0.001* | |
Kept under observation then discharged | 43 (13.3) | 6 (6.3) | 0.001* | |
Admitted to inpatient wards | 14 (4.3) | 1 (1) | 0.04* | |
Transferred to operation room | 124 (38.3) | 56 (58.3) | 0.003* | |
Admitted to ICU | 18 (5.6) | 6 (6.3) | 0.9 (NS) | |
Discharged upon request or escaped | 0 (0) | 3 (3.1) | 0.6 (NS) | |
Referred to tertiary hospital | 36 (11.1) | 3 (3.1) | 0.002* | |
Died | 20 (6.2) | 7 (7.3) | 0.3 (NS) |
Table 5
The relationship between the time from trauma to hospitalization and the fate of the patients with same type of trauma (n)
Variables | Minor injury (n=630) | Blunt injury (n=324) | Penetrating injury (n=96) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 30minutes | 30-60 minutes | 1-2 hours | ≥ 2 hours | Total | < 30minutes | 30-60 minutes | 1-2 hours | ≥ 2 hours | Total | < 30minutes | 30-60 minutes | 1-2 hours | ≥ 2 hours | Total | |
Discharged after management of trivial trauma | 140 | 231 | 32 | 20 | 423 | 17 | 33 | 15 | 4 | 69 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
Kept under observation then discharged | 45 | 75 | 10 | 7 | 137 | 11 | 20 | 9 | 3 | 43 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
Admitted to inpatient ward | 22 | 36 | 5 | 3 | 66 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Transferred to operation room | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 59 | 27 | 7 | 124 | 21 | 28 | 5 | 2 | 56 |
Admitted to ICU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
Discharged upon request or escaped | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Referred to tertiary hospital | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 16 | 9 | 2 | 36 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Died | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Total | 207 | 345 | 48 | 30 | 630 | 81 | 153 | 71 | 19 | 324 | 35 | 50 | 7 | 4 | 96 |
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