Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Patients intubated in the prehospital setting require quick and definitive confirmation of endotracheal (ET) tube placement upon arrival to the emergency department (ED). Direct and adjunct strategies exist, but each has limitations and there is no definitive gold standard. The utility of bronchoscopy in ED intubation has been studied, but scant literature exists on its use for ET tube confirmation. This study aims to assess effectiveness, ease and speed with which ET tube placement can be confirmed with disposable fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
METHODS: Emergency medicine residents recruited from a 3-year urban residency program received 5 minutes of active learning on a simulation mannequin using a disposable, flexible Ambu aScope interfaced with a monitor. With residents blinded, the researcher randomly placed the ET tube in the trachea, esophagus or right mainstem. Residents identified ET tube position by threading the bronchoscope through the tube and viewing distal anatomy. Each resident underwent 4 trials. Accuracy, speed and perceptions of difficulty were measured.
RESULTS: Residents accurately identified the location of the ET tube in 88 out of 92 trials (95.7%). The median time-to-guess was 7.0 seconds, IQR (5.0-10.0). Average perceived difficulty was 1.6 on a scale from 1-5 (1 being very easy and 5 being very difficult). No tubes were damaged or dislodged.
CONCLUSION: While simulation cannot completely replicate the live experience, fiberoptic bronchoscopy appears to be a quick and accurate method for ET tube confirmation. Further studies directly comparing this novel approach to established practices on actual patients are warranted.

Key words: Airway, Simulation, Bronchoscopy, Tube confirmation