Characterization of available automated external defibrillators in the market based on the product manuals in 2014

doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2016.02.010

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: To popularize the wide-spread use of automated external defibrillator (AED) to save life in sudden cardiac arrest, we compared the strength and weakness of different types of AEDs to enable a sound selection based on regional requirement.
METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study. Different types of AEDs were compared according to the information of AEDs from manuals and brochures provided by the manufacturers. Fifteen types of AEDs were divided into 3 groups, basic, intermediate and advanced.
RESULTS: Lifeline™ AUTO AED had the best performance in price, portability and user-friendly among AEDs of basic level. It required less time for shock charging. Samaritan PAD defibrillator was superior in price, portability, durability and characteristic among AEDs of intermediate level. It had the longest warranty and highest protection against water and dust. Lifeline™ PRO AED had the best performance in most of the criteria among AEDs of advanced level and offered CPR video and manual mode for laypersons and clinicians respectively.
CONCLUSION: Lifeline™ AUTO AED, Samaritan PAD defibrillator, Lifeline™ PRO AED are superior in AEDs of basic, intermediate and advanced levels, respectively. A feasible AED may be chosen by users according to the regional requirement and the current information about the best available products.

Key words: Automated external defibrillator, Electrodes, Pads, Cardiac arrest

Chik Leung Ho, Ka Wai Cheng, Tze Hang Ma, Yau Hang Wong, Ka Lok Cheng, Chak Wah Kam. Characterization of available automated external defibrillators in the market based on the product manuals in 2014[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2016, 7(2): 138-146.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Comparison of AEDs of intermediate level

Variables	HeartStart Onsite (Philips)	HeartStart FRx (Philips)	LIFEPAK EXPRESS^? (Physio Control)	Lifeline? VIEW AED (Defibtech)	i-PAD AED (CU Medical Systems)	Samaritan PAD defibrillator (Heartsine)
Price^*(1/7/2014)	~$9 000 (★★)	~$12 000	~$10 000 (★)	~$12 000	~$10 000(★)	~$9 000 (★★)
Portability	★	★		★		★★
Weight (kg)	1.5	1.5	2	1.4	2.2	1.1
Size (cm)	7×21×19	6×18×22	10.7×20.3×24.1	18.5×24 ×5.8	22×28.1 ×8.2	20×18.4×4.8
Maintenance		★			★★	★
Battery price^* (1/7/2014)	~$1 300	~$1 300	~$700^** (adult pads included)	~$1 300	~$1 000	/***
Standby life of battery	4-years	4-years	2-years	4-years	5-years	4-years
Types of battery	LiMnO₂	LiMnO₂	LiSO₂Cl₂	LiMnO₂	LiMnO₂	LiMnO₂
Capacity	>90 shocks; 3 hours of operating time	>200 shocks; 4 hours of operating time	20 shocks; 2 hours 20 minutes of operating time	125 shocks; 8 hours of operating time	>200 shocks; 10 hours of operating time	>60 shocks; 6 hours of operating time
Price^* (adult+pediatric pads)	~$500+$800	~$400^**** (adult pads)	~$900 (pediatric pads)	~$500+$800	~$300+$300	~$1 200+$1 600 (battery included)
Standby life of pads	2-years	2-years	2-years	2-years	3-years	4-years
Cost per year (battery and pads)	~$1 000	~$500	~$800	~$900	~$400	~$700
Durability		★		★		★★
Dust Protection (IP ratings)	2	5	/	5	5	5
Water Protection (IP ratings)	1	5	4	5	4	6
Operation temperature (°C)	0-50	0-50	0-50	0-50	0-40	0-50
User-friendly		★	★	★★
Shock charge time (seconds)	<20	8	<9	<4	<10	<12
Shock delivery mode	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic
Characteristics	★	★★		★★	★	★★
CPR support	None	None	None	CPR Video	Metronome	Metronome
Data storage	15 minutes	15 minutes	20 minutes	12 hours	40 minutes	90 minutes
AED Trainer	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Warranty	8-years	8-years	5-years	5-years	5-years	10-years
Pediatric key	No	Yes	No	No	No	No

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Comparison of AEDs of advanced level

Variables	HeartStart FR3 (Philips)	Powerheart^? G3 Pro (Cardiac Science)	LIFEPAK^? 1000 (Physio Control)	Zoll^? AED Pro^? (Zoll^?)	Lifeline? Pro AED (Defibtech)
Price^*(1/7/2014)	~$20 000 (★)	~$20 000 (★)	~$19 000 (★★)	~$22 000	~$17 000 (★★)
Portability	★★			★	★★
Weight (kg)	1.6	3.2	3.2	2.7	1.4
Size (cm)	6.9×13.5×22.1	8×31×27	8.7×23.4×27.7	7.6×23.5×23.9	18.5×24×5.8
Maintenance	★		★	★★	★
Battery price^*(1/7/2014)	~$2 100	~$3 100	~$2 600	~$1 200	~$1 300
Standby life of battery	3-years	4-years	5-years	5-years	4-years
Types of battery	LiMnO₂	LiSO₂	LiMnO₂	LiMnO₂	LiMnO₂
Capacity	300 shocks; 12 hours of operating time	290 shocks; 12 hours of operating time	440 shocks; 17 hours of operating time	300 shocks; 15 hours of operating time	125 shocks; 8 hours of operating time
Rechargeable battery	None	None	Optional	Optional	None
Price^*(adult+pediatric pads)	~$400^**(adult pads)	~$400+$800	~$300+$900	~$1 300+$700	~$500+$800
Standby life of pads	2-years	2-years	2-years	5-years	2.5-years
Cost per year	~$900	~$1 300	~$1 100	~$700	~$800
Durability	★★		★★	★★	★★
Dust protection^(IP ratings^*)	5	2	5	5	5
Water protection^(IP ratings^*)	5	4	5	5	5
User-friendly	★		★	★	★★
Shock charge time (seconds)	<8	10	<7	<10	<4
Shock delivery mode	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic	Semi-automatic
Manual mode (energy selection)	None	None	None	Yes (50, 70, 85, 120, 150, 200 Joules)	Yes (25, 50, 70, 100, 150, 200 Joules)
Characteristics	★	★		★★	★★
ECG display	Optional	Yes	Optional	Yes	Yes
CPR support	None	None	None	CPR Feedback	CPR Video
Data storage	8 hours	60 minutes	40 minutes	5.8 hours	1 hour
Pediatric key	Yes	None	None	None	None
Supporting synchronized shock	None	Yes	None	None	None
AED trainer	Yes	Yes	Yes	None	None
Display	LCD color display	TFT color display	LCD with backlight	LCD display	TFT color LCD with backlight
Warranty	5-years	7-years	8-years	5-years	5-years

Table 6

Table 7

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