World Journal of Emergency Medicine ›› 2013, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3): 169-174.doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.03.002
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Hua-zhong Zhang, Jin-song Zhang(), Li Qiao
Received:
2013-02-15
Accepted:
2013-06-21
Online:
2013-09-15
Published:
2013-09-15
Contact:
Jin-song Zhang
E-mail:zhangjso@sina.com
Hua-zhong Zhang, Jin-song Zhang, Li Qiao. The Acinetobacter baumannii group:a systemic review[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2013, 4(3): 169-174.
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URL: http://wjem.com.cn//EN/10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.03.002
Table 1
The distribution of the Acinetobacter baumannii group in clinical isolates
Region | A. baumannii group | A. baumannii (%) | Genospecies 3 (%) | Genospecies 13TU (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ireland[ | 72 | 25 (34.7) | 45 (62.5) | 2 (2.8) |
Singapore[ | 193 | 152 (78.7) | 18 (9.3) | 23 (11.9) |
Korea[ | 240 | 127 (52.9) | 15 (6.3) | 98 (40.8) |
USA[ | 271 | 187 (69.0) | 23 (8.5) | 61 (22.5) |
Taiwan[ | 1039 | 439 (42.3) | 133 (12.8) | 467 (44.9) |
Germany[ | 1741 | 335 (19.2) | 1053 (60.5) | 353 (20.3) |
Table 2
The mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii:[3]
Resistance mechanisms | Antimicrobial agents |
---|---|
Produce antibiotics inactivated enzyme | |
β-lactamas | β-lactams |
Class A: extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs): TEM, PER type | |
Class B: the metallo-lactamases (MBLs): IMP, VIM, SIM type | |
Class C: AmpC cephalosporinases | |
Class D: serine carbapenemases (OXA type) | |
Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs): APHs, AACs | Aminoglycosides |
Alter the action sites of antibiotics | |
Topoisomerase mutations in the genes gyrA and parC | Quinolones |
Ribosomal (16S rRNA) methylation: armA | Aminoglycosides |
Alteration in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) | β-lactams |
Reduce the concentration of antibiotics in cells | |
Decreased permeability of the outer membrane | Multidrug |
Efflux pumps | |
Plasmid-mediated transport protein: TetA, TetB, TetK | Tetracyclines |
RND efflux systems: AdeABC, AdeDE, AdeXYZ, AdeIJK | Multidrug |
Biofilm formation | Multidrug |
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