World Journal of Emergency Medicine ›› 2015, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (4): 265-269.doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.04.003
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Tigist Bacha1, Birkneh Tilahun2()
Received:
2015-04-04
Accepted:
2015-09-10
Online:
2015-12-15
Published:
2015-12-15
Contact:
Birkneh Tilahun
E-mail:birknehtilahun@gmail.com
Tigist Bacha, Birkneh Tilahun. A cross-sectional study of children with acute poisoning: A three-year retrospective analysis[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015, 6(4): 265-269.
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URL: http://wjem.com.cn//EN/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.04.003
Table 1
Characteristics of children with poisoning who were admitted to three tertiary care hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, February 2015
Variables | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Age in years | ||
Less than 2 years | 42 | 32.8 |
2-5 years | 38 | 29.7 |
Beyond 5 years | 47 | 36.7 |
Sex | ||
Male | 61 | 47.7 |
Female | 66 | 51.6 |
Hospital | ||
Yekatit 12 | 68 | 53.1 |
Tikur Anbessa | 15 | 11.7 |
Zewditu | 43 | 33.6 |
Place where poisoning happened | ||
Home | 95 | 74.2 |
Out of home | 8 | 6.3 |
Unknown | 25 | 19.5 |
Vital signs at presentation | ||
Tachycardia | 22 | 17.2 |
Tachypnia | 6 | 4.7 |
Both tachycardia and tachypnia | 8 | 6.3 |
Normal | 65 | 50.8 |
Temperature | ||
Normal | 27 | 21.1 |
Temperature<36.5 °C | 9 | 7.0 |
Temperature>37.5 °C | 44 | 34.4 |
Odor of poison | ||
Yes | 22 | 17.2 |
None | 50 | 39.1 |
Unknown | 56 | 43.8 |
GCSa at presentation | ||
Full consciousness | 109 | 85.2 |
GCS<15 | 19 | 14.8 |
Neurologic deficit | ||
Present | 11 | 8.6 |
Absent | 117 | 91.4 |
Seizure | ||
Present | 2 | 1.6 |
Absent | 126 | 98.4 |
Pupillary size | ||
Normal | 114 | 91.1 |
Abnormalb | 14 | 8.9 |
Systemic findings | ||
Present | 78 | 60.9 |
Absent | 50 | 39.1 |
Presentation | ||
Vomiting | 48 | 37.5 |
Diarrhea | 5 | 3.9 |
Secretion | 2 | 1.6 |
Loss of consciousness | 9 | 7.0 |
Systems affected | ||
Central nervous system | 23 | 18.0 |
Gastrointestinal | 5 | 3.9 |
Renal | 2 | 1.6 |
Respiratory | 5 | 3.9 |
Central nervous system and GIc | 5 | 3.9 |
Respiratory and CNSd | 1 | 0.8 |
Respiratory, CNS, and GI | 1 | 0.8 |
Child illness | ||
Yes | 6 | 4.7 |
No | 122 | 95.3 |
Reason for poisoning | ||
Intentional | 20 | 15.6 |
Accidental | 100 | 79.1 |
Non-documented | 8 | 6.3 |
Table 2
Type of poison of 128 acutely poisoned children from September 2010 to September 2013, February 2015
Types of poisoning | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Drug | 38 | 29.7 |
Hydrocarbon | 23 | 18.3 |
Organophosphate | 19 | 14.8 |
Sodium hypochlorite | 16 | 12.5 |
Alcohol | 11 | 8.7 |
Carbon monoxide | 6 | 4.7 |
Hair products | 3 | 2.3 |
Mushroom | 2 | 1.6 |
Snake bite | 2 | 1.6 |
Other agents | 4 | 3.1 |
Undocumented | 4 | 3.1 |
Total | 128 | 100 |
Table 3
Association of variables with nature of poisoning among acutely poisoned children, February 2015
Variables | Nature of poisoning | χ2 | Pvalue | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intentional (%) | Unintentional (%) | |||
Age | 25.06 | 0.000 | ||
Less than 2 years | 1 (2.7) | 36 (97.3) | ||
2-5 years | 2 (5.4) | 35 (94.6) | ||
Beyond 5 years | 16 (41.0) | 29 (59.0) | ||
Time to presentation | 0.80 | 0.370 | ||
In 2 hours | 9 (23.7) | 29 (76.3) | ||
Later than 2 hours | 10 (16.4) | 51 (83.6) | ||
Gender | 0.09 | 0.769 | ||
Female | 9 (15.8) | 48 (84.2) | ||
Male | 10 (17.9) | 46 (82.1) | ||
GCS at presentation | 0.48 | 0.533 | ||
Normal (15/15) | 17 (17.9) | 78 (82.1) | ||
Less than 15 | 2 (11.1) | 16 (88.9) | ||
Neurologic deficit | 0.36 | 0.546 | ||
Yes | 1 (10.0) | 9 (90.0) | ||
No | 18 (17.5) | 85 (82.5) | ||
Place for poisoning | 0.74 | 0.689 | ||
Home | 14 (15,9) | 74 (84.1) | ||
Out of home | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | ||
Unknown | 3 (16.7) | 15 (83.3) | ||
Visited another facility | 1.52 | 0.218 | ||
Yes | 6 (27.3) | 16 (72.7) | ||
No | 13 (15.9) | 69 (84.1) | ||
Vital signs at presentation | 1.48 | 0.224 | ||
Abnormal | 4 (18.2) | 18 (81.8) | ||
Normal | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100.0) | ||
Children taking medication | 0.85 | 0.357 | ||
Yes | 0 | 4 (100.0) | ||
No | 19 (17.6) | 89 (82.4) |
Table 4
Predictors of delay in presentation to health facilities from time of poisoning, February 2015
Variables | Arrival in 2 hours | Arrival in >2 hours | Pvalue | OR (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age of children (years) | ||||
Less than 2 | 17 (51.5) | 16 (48.5) | 0.010 | 0.28 (0.10-0.74) |
Between 2 and 5 | 12 (36.4) | 21 (63.6) | 0.193 | 0.52 (0.19-1.40) |
Above 5 | 10 (22.7) | 34 (77.3) | 1 | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 20 (37.0) | 34 (63.0) | 0.683 | 0.85 (0.39-1.85) |
Male | 19 (33.3) | 38 (66.7) | 1 | |
Neurologic morbidity | ||||
Present | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | 0.149 | 4.75 (0.57-39.46) |
Absent | 38 (37.3) | 64 (62.7) | 1 | |
Systemic findings | ||||
Present | 5 (29.4) | 12 (70.6) | 0.592 | 1.36 (0.44-4.49) |
Absent | 24 (36.2) | 60 (63.8) | 1 | |
Where incident happened | ||||
At home | 30 (35.3) | 55 (64.7) | 0.949 | 0.97 (0.39-2.44) |
Unknown or out of home | 9 (34.6) | 17 (65.4) | 1 |
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