CoolClot, a novel hemostatic agent for controlling life-threatening arterial bleeding

doi:10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled bleeding is the first leading cause of preventable death in the battlefield and the 2nd cause of mortality in civil accidents. Incompressible hemorrhage control is among the interventions that drastically increase the survival rate in wound individuals. We have previously shown that a certain mixture of bentonite and zeolite minerals can significantly decrease the bleeding in rats.
METHODS: In this study, nine healthy hybrid dogs were selected and after induction of anesthesia with ether, either arterial puncture by a needle or arteriotomy was performed on both groin regions of the dogs. For control arteries (either the right or left femoral artery), only pressure by sterilized gauze was performed, while for the femoral arteries of the opposite side, our invented hemostatic agent, namely CoolClot, was topically used before applying the pressure. In the second stage of the study, to assess the coagulation time, blood samples were collected from 10 volunteer students.
RESULTS: CoolClot significantly decreased the bleeding time in animals whose femoral arteries were cut or punctured. In the human phase of the study, the mean coagulation time in control blood samples was 253.4±44.1 seconds, whereas it was 149.5±50.0, 162.3±74.6 and 143.4±114.6 seconds, respectively in blood samples treated with bentonite, zeolite and CoolClot (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: As controlling bleeding after a life-threatening arterial damage is critical for increasing the chance of survival, the results obtained in this study indicate the significant efficacy of CoolClot in shortening the bleeding time. Our experiments also indicate that CoolClot can significantly reduce the clotting time in human blood samples.

Key words: Bleeding, Hemostatic agent, CoolClot, Bentonite and zeolite

SMJ Mortazavi, A Tavasoli, M Atefi, N Tanide, N Radpey, P Roshan-shomal, H Moradi, S Taeb. CoolClot, a novel hemostatic agent for controlling life-threatening arterial bleeding[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2013, 4(2): 123-127.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Table 2

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Animals tested	Time for bleeding control (min)		Description
Animals tested	No hemostatic agent	CoolClot	Description
Dog No.1 (M)	No stop, sutured after 4.55 min	1.5 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 20-20 g CoolClot poured on puncture site
Dog No.2 (M)	Due to severe loss of blood pressure, it was not possible to check the opposite side	4 min	Arteritomy (2-3 mm) -35 g CoolClot poured on puncture site, The opposite side was not studied due to loss of blood pressure
Dog No.3 (F)	No stop, sutured after 15 min	5 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 19. Local temperature controlled- pad was used instead of pouring the powder
Dog No.4 (M)	No stop, sutured after 15 min	7 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 19. A new modified pad was used instead of pouring the powder. BP 116/53 decreased to 103/65
Dog No.5 (F)	No stop, sutured after 4 min	2 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 19. A new modified pad was used instead of pouring the powder. BP 135/103 decreased to 76/50
Dog No.6 (F)	12 min	5 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 19. A new modified pad was used instead of pouring the powder
Dog No.7 (F)	10 min	2 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 19. A new modified pad was used instead of pouring the powder
Dog No.8 (F)	7 min	5 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 19. A new modified pad was used instead of pouring the powder
Dog No.9 (F)	Due to animal's health condition, it was not possible to check the opposite side	2.5 min	Arterial puncture using needle No. 19. A new modified pad was used instead of pouring the powder

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