Glucose metabolic reprogramming-related parameters for the prediction of 28-day neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality in patients after cardiac arrest: a prospective single-center observational study

Subi Abudurexiti, Shihai Xu, Zhangping Sun, Yi Jiang, Ping Gong

Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the enrolled participants on ICU admission according to neurological outcome

Parameters Healthy volunteers (n=40) Good neurological outcome (n=23) Poor neurological outcome (n=97) P-valuea Age, years, median (IQR) 58.9 (39.8-72.0) 66.0 (55.0-80.0) 75.0 (54.0-82.3) 0.141 Male, n (%) 21 (52.5) 16 (69.6) 55 (56.7) 0.584 Comorbidities, n (%) Diabetes — 9 (39.1) 33 (34.0) 0.841 Hypertension — 10 (43.5) 46 (47.4) 0.871 Coronary heart disease — 8 (34.8) 34 (35.1) 0.681 Cerebrovascular disease — 4 (17.4) 17 (17.5) 0.523 Chronic pulmonary disease — 3 (13.0) 7 (7.2) 0.379 Chronic kidney disease — — 6 (6.2) 0.114 CA causes, n (%) Cardiac — 14 (60.8) 48 (49.4) 0.320 Respiratory — 4 (17.4) 9 (9.2) 0.621 Septic — 3 (13.0) 9 (9.2) 0.606 Cerebral — 1 (4.3) 14 (14.4) 0.224 Others — 1 (4.3) 17 (19.6) 0.162 Out-of-hospital CA, n (%) — 10 (43.4) 42 (43.2) 0.302 Witnessed CA, n (%) — 13 (56.5) 62 (63.9) 0.042 Bystander CPR, n (%) — 12 (52.2) 66 (68.0) 0.033 Initial cardiac rhythm, n (%) VT — 2 (8.7) 6 (6.2) 0.607 VF — 7 (30.4) 13 (13.4) 0.050 Asystole and pulseless activity — 3 (13.0) 20 (20.6) 0.456 Unknown — 11 (47.8) 59 (60.8) 0.258 CPR time, min, median (IQR) — 5.0 (3.0-25.0) 17.0 (10.0 -30.0) 0.016 Length of ICU stay, d, median (IQR) — 7.0 (4.0-14.0) 5.0 (2.0-15.0) 0.268 Laboratory findings, median (IQR) WBC, ×109/L 6.82 (5.45-8.49) 12.50 (9.90-20.40) 14.30 (9.40-19.70) 0.792 Neutrophil ratio, % 57.3 (50.2-63.4) 84.5 (76.0-90.2) 87.2 (81.6-91.2) 0.198 PCT, ng/mL 0.15 (0.01-0.33) 1.00 (0.41-3.67) 4.50 (0.83-8.91) 0.156 Creatinine, μmol/L 64.5 (57.2-79.2) 85.5 (62.3-137.5) 139.0 (95.0-232.0) 0.158 High sensitivity troponin I, μg/L 0.01 (0.00-0.03) 0.17 (0.07-1.13) 0.78 (0.18-7.97) 0.081 BNP, pg/mL 30.8 (22.3-45.9) 444.3 (83.6-1154.0) 702.0 (185.1-2066.3) 0.270 PO2/FiO2, mmHg 460.0 (410.8-482.0) 347.0 (262.9-402.6) 214.0 (152.0-360.0) 0.314 Blood glucose, μmol/L 5.2 (4.7-5.7) 7.1 (4.2-9.9) 10.6 (6.1-13.6) 0.128 APACHE II score, median (IQR) — 13.0 (9.0-18.0) 23.0 (18.0-25.0) <0.01 SOFA score, median (IQR) — 6.0 (2.0-9.3) 12.0 (10.0-14.0) 0.011