Glucose metabolic reprogramming-related parameters for the prediction of 28-day neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality in patients after cardiac arrest: a prospective single-center observational study

Subi Abudurexiti, Shihai Xu, Zhangping Sun, Yi Jiang, Ping Gong

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the enrolled participants on ICU admission

Parameters Healthy volunteers (n=40) Survivors (n=38) Non-survivors (n=82) P-valuea Age, years, median (IQR) 58.9 (39.8-72.0) 64.5 (51.3-77.8) 73.0 (60.0-82.2) 0.608 Male, n (%) 21 (52.5) 24 (63.2) 47 (57.3) 0.690 Comorbidities, n (%) Diabetes — 10 (26.3) 31 (37.8) 0.301 Hypertension — 16 (42.1) 39 (47.6) 0.694 Coronary heart disease — 9 (23.7) 18 (21.9) 0.210 Cerebrovascular disease — 5 (13.2) 15 (18.3) 0.603 Chronic pulmonary disease — 4 (10.5) 4 (4.9) 0.261 Chronic kidney disease — — 6 (7.3) — CA causes, n (%) Cardiac — 24 (63.2) 42 (51.2) 0.243 Respiratory — 2 (5.3) 9 (11.0) 0.499 Septic — 5 (13.2) 13 (15.9) 0.790 Cerebral — 3 (7.9) 13 (15.9) 0.386 Others — 4 (10.5) 5 (6.1) 0.462 Out-of-hospital CA, n (%) — 10 (26.3) 34 (41.5) 0.154 Witnessed CA, n (%) — 33 (86.8) 55 (67.1) 0.027 Bystander CPR, n (%) — 34 (89.5) 59 (72.0) 0.036 Initial cardiac rhythm, n (%) VT — 1 (2.6) 4 (4.9) 0.492 VF — 10 (26.3) 10 (12.2) 0.047 Asystole and pulseless activity — 16 (42.1) 17 (20.7) 0.027 Unknown — 11 (28.9) 51 (62.2) 0.001 CPR time, min, median (IQR) — 10.0 (5.0-25.0) 15.0 (6.5 -28.5) 0.016 Length of ICU stay, d, median (IQR) — 8 (5-12) 5 (2-11) 0.003 Laboratory findings, median (IQR) WBC, ×109/L 6.82 (5.45-8.49) 12.40 (8.74-18.60) 14.88 (10.42-20.08) 0.201 Neutrophil ratio, % 57.3 (50.2-63.4) 84.3 (76.6-90.2) 87.7 (82.9-91.3) 0.084 PCT, ng/mL 0.15 (0.01-0.33) 1.82 (0.91-5.67) 4.59 (0.83-11.00) 0.159 Creatinine, μmol/L 64.5 (57.2-79.2) 103.0 (85.5-178.0) 137.0 (91.8-231.3) 0.183 High sensitivity troponin I, μg/L 0.01 (0.00-0.03) 0.22 (0.09-3.93) 0.94 (0.21-8.57) 0.112 BNP, pg/mL 30.8 (22.3-45.9) 371.0 (119.7-1120.0) 787.8 (233.1-1988.5) 0.070 PO2/FiO2, mmHg 460.0 (410.8-482.0) 320.0 (240.5-398.3) 229.0 (157.0-335.3) 0.259 Blood glucose, μmol/L 5.2 (4.7-5.7) 8.6 (4.7-9.7) 8.7 (6.0-13.2) 0.342 APACHE II score, median (IQR) — 14.0 (9.8-20.0) 23.0 (19.0-26.0) <0.01 SOFA score, median (IQR) — 5.5 (4.0-7.8) 12.0 (10.0-14.5) <0.01