Effect of post-rewarming fever after targeted temperature management in cardiac arrest patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Guang-qi Guo, Yan-nan Ma, Shuang Xu, Hong-rong Zhang, Peng Sun

Table 1. Summary of the included studies

Author/year Country TTM strategies Rate of rewarming Definition of normothermia Consciousness Timing of onset of fever Definition of PRF Type of CA Outcome assessment timing Mortality Patients (n) PRF (n)/ normothermia (n) Holm 2021[25] Europe 32-36 ℃ for 24 h or 48 h 0.5 ℃/h 37.0 ℃ Coma Within 72 h after rewarming 38.5 ℃ OHCA CPC at 6 months In-hospital 338 103/235 Lee 2020[20] Korea 32-36 ℃ for 24 h 0.2-0.5 ℃/h NA All* Within 72 h after rewarming 38.0 ℃ OHCA CPC at 6 months NA 1,031 389/642 Makker 2017[21] America 32-34 ℃ for 24 h 0.25 ℃/h 37.0 ℃ All Within 24 h after rewarming 38.0 ℃ OHCA CPC in-hospital In-hospital 97 54/43 Grossestreuer 2017[17] America <34 ℃ for unknown hours NA 36.5 ℃ All Within 72 h after rewarming 38.0 ℃ Both** CPC at discharge Discharge 465 179/286 Lee 2015[19] Korea 32-34 ℃ for 24 h 0.2-0.5 ℃/h 36.5 ℃ All Within 48 h after rewarming 38.0 ℃ Both CPC at discharge In-hospital 277 81/196 Nobile 2015[22] Belgium 32-34 ℃ for 24 h 0.5 ℃/h 37.0 ℃ Coma Within 24 h after rewarming 38.5 ℃ Both CPC at 3 months NA 229 41/188 Cocchi 2014[16] America 32-34 ℃ for unknown hours NA NA All Within 24 h after rewarming 38.0 ℃ OHCA CPC in-hospital In-hospital 54 28/26 Winters 2013[24] America 32-34 ℃ for 24 h NA NA All First 24 h of the re-warming process 38.5 ℃ OHCA mRS at discharge In-hospital 141 42/99 Leary 2013[18] America 32-34 ℃ for 24 h NA 37.0 ℃ All Within 24 h after rewarming 38.0 ℃ Both CPC at discharge discharge 167 69/98 Bro-Jeppesen 2013[15] Denmark 32-34 ℃ for 24 h 0.5 ℃/h 36.5 ℃ Coma Within 36 h after rewarming 38.5 ℃ OHCA CPC at discharge 30 days 270 136/134 Benz-Woerner 2012[14] Switzerland 32-34 ℃ for 24 h NA 37.0 ℃ Coma NA 38.0 ℃ Both NA In-hospital 177 135/42