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Qian Lu, Shi-jiao Yan, Huan-jun Chen, Xiong-fei Pan, Yi-xiang Ye, Xing-yue Song, Ri-xing Wang, Chuan-zhu Lyu
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| Characteristics | GH | P-value a | PE | P-value b | | Case (n=126) | Control (n=6,694) | Case (n=52) | Control (n=6,768) | | Age | | | 0.520 | | | 0.779 | | <25 years | 38 (30.2) | 2,068 (30.9) | | 15 (28.8) | 2,091 (30.9) | | | 25-29 years | 54 (42.8) | 3,102 (46.3) | | 23 (44.2) | 3,133 (46.3) | | | ≥30 years | 34 (27.0) | 1,524 (22.8) | | 14 (26.9) | 1,544 (22.8) | | | Occupations | | | 0.342 | | | 0.845 | | No | 57 (45.2) | 3,314 (49.5) | | 25 (48.1) | 3,346 (49.4) | | | Yes | 69 (54.8) | 3,380 (50.5) | | 27 (51.9) | 3,422 (50.6) | | | Education level | | | 0.176 | | | 0.843 | | Senior high school or below | 66 (52.4) | 3,908 (58.4) | | 31 (59.6) | 3,943 (58.3) | | | Above senior high school | 60 (47.6) | 2,786 (41.6) | | 21 (40.4) | 2,825 (41.7) | | | Annual household income | | | 0.827 | | | 0.103 | | Less than 50,000 yuan | 55 (43.7) | 2,857 (42.7) | | 28 (53.8) | 2,884 (42.6) | | | ≥50,000 yuan | 71 (56.3) | 3,837 (57.3) | | 24 (46.2) | 3,884 (57.4) | | | Family history of hypertension | | | 0.001 | | | 0.013 | | No | 94 (74.6) | 5,723 (85.5) | | 38 (73.1) | 5,779 (85.4) | | | Yes | 32 (25.4) | 971 (14.5) | | 14 (26.9) | 989 (14.6) | | | Pre‐pregnancy BMI | | | <0.001 | | | 0.004 | | <18.5 kg/m2 | 11 (8.9) | 1,174 (17.9) | | 3 (6.0) | 1,182 (17.8) | | | 18.5-24.0 kg/m2 | 71 (57.7) | 4,494 (68.4) | | 34 (68.0) | 4,531 (68.2) | | | 24.0-28.0 kg/m2 | 28 (22.8) | 716 (10.9) | | 8 (16.0) | 736 (11.1) | | | ≥28.0 kg/m2 | 13 (10.6) | 189 (2.9) | | 5 (10.0) | 197 (3.0) | | | History of HDP | | | <0.001 | | | 0.820 | | No | 78 (97.5) | 4,417 (99.9) | | 29 (100.0) | 4,466 (99.8) | | | Yes | 2 (2.5) | 6 (0.1) | | 0 (0.0) | 8 (0.2) | | | Parity | | | 0.042 | | | 0.144 | | 0 | 81 (64.3) | 3,694 (55.2) | | 34 (65.4) | 3,741 (55.3) | | | ≥1 | 45 (35.7) | 3,000 (44.8) | | 18 (34.6) | 3,027 (44.7) | | | Diabetes mellitus | | | 0.014 | | | 0.817 | | No | 125 (99.2) | 6,688 (99.9) | | 52 (100) | 6,761 (99.9) | | | Yes | 1 (0.8) | 6 (0.1) | | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | | | Tobacco use | | | 0.409 | | | 0.560 | | Current | 1 (0.8) | 122 (1.8) | | 0 (0.0) | 123 (1.8) | | | Former | 9 (7.1) | 339 (5.1) | | 2 (3.8) | 346 (5.1) | | | Never | 116 (92.1) | 6,233 (93.1) | | 50 (96.2) | 6,299 (93.1) | | | Alcohol use | | | 0.175 | | | 0.601 | | Current | 0 (0.0) | 21 (0.3) | | 0 (0.0) | 21 (0.3) | | | Former | 18 (14.3) | 1,379 (20.6) | | 8 (15.4) | 1,389 (20.5) | | | Never | 108 (85.7) | 5,294 (79.1) | | 44 (84.6) | 5,358 (79.2) | | | SBP, mmHg | 117.5 (110.0-125.0) | 108.0 (102.0-114.0) | <0.001 | 113.5 (109.5-123.9) | 108.0 (102.0-114.5) | <0.001 | | DBP, mmHg | 78.0 (72.5-83.6) | 72.5 (67.0-77.5) | <0.001 | 76.8 (69.8-82.3) | 72.5 (67.0-77.5) | 0.001 |
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