Association between cardiovascular implantable electronic devices and tricuspid regurgitation: a case-control study

Yuan-yuan Zhang, Yan Cheng, Liang-rong Zheng, Zhe-lan Zheng

Figure 1. Three-dimensional echocardiography depicts the location of the device lead (A to D: representative images from the mild TR group; E to G: representative images from the moderate and severe TR group) and lead tips (H and I: representative images of lead tips from the mild TR group; J: representative image from the moderate and severe TR group). M: device lead in the middle of the valve; AP: device lead in the anteroposterior commissure; AS: device lead in the anteroseptal commissure; PS: device lead in the posterior-septal commissure; A: anterior leaflet impingement; S: septal leaflet impingement; P: posterior leaflet impingement; IVS: interventricular septal; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract.