Initial venous lactate levels as a predictor of mortality in severe sepsis: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Thidathit Prachanukool, Pitsucha Sanguanwit, Karn Suttapanit Chaiyaporn Yuksen, Piraya Vichiensanth

Table 1. Demographic and descriptive data of the included patients

Demographic data All (n=460) Non-survivors (n=130) Survivors (n=330) P-value Age, years 70 (59-81) 69 (59-82) 72 (59-80) 0.970 Male 233 (50.7) 68 (52.3) 165 (50.0) 0.660 Comorbidities Systemic hypertension 223 (48.5) 53 (40.7) 170 (51.5) 0.030 Diabetes mellitus 136 (29.6) 34 (26.2) 102 (30.9) 0.310 Congestive heart failure 25 (5.4) 9 (6.9) 16 (4.8) 0.380 End-stage renal disease 13 (2.8) 5 (3.8) 8 (2.4) 0.410 Oncologic 118 (25.6) 46 (35.4) 72 (21.8) 0.003 Transplant 12 (2.6) 3 (2.3) 9 (2.7) 0.802 Liver cirrhosis 29 (6.3) 12 (9.2) 17 (5.2) 0.110 Ischemic heart disease 48 (10.4) 14 (10.8) 34 (10.3) 0.880 Neuromuscular disease 131 (28.5) 30 (23.1) 101 (30.6) 0.110 Source of infection Respiratory system 247 (53.7) 86 (66.2) 161 (48.8) 0.001 Gastrointestinal system 92 (20.0) 19 (14.6) 73 (22.1) 0.070 Urinary system 63 (13.7) 10 (7.7) 53 (16.1) 0.020 Skin infection 18 (3.9) 4 (3.1) 14 (4.2) 0.560 Blood stream 17 (3.7) 5 (3.8) 12 (3.6) 0.910 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 115 (90-139) 107 (83-135) 120 (95-142) 0.004 Mean arterial pressure, mmHg 81 (66-97) 76 (62-92) 82 (68-99) 0.010 Diagnosis at ED Septic shock 141 (30.6) 57 (43.8) 84 (25.5) 0.001 Time to antibiotic administration, min 50 (35-65) 45 (35-60) 50 (35-68) 0.270 Positive hemoculture 108 (23.5) 33 (25.4) 75 (22.7) 0.560 Initial venous lactate, mmol/L 4.2 (2.9-6.4) 5.9 (3.1-9.4) 4.0 (2.7-5.5) 0.001 Initial arterial lactate, mmol/L 4.0 (2.3-6.0) 5.4 (3.0-8.8) 3.5 (2.0-5.2) 0.001 SIRS criteria 3 (2-3) 3 (3-4) 2 (2-3) 0.001 qSOFA score 1 (1-2) 2 (1-3) 1 (1-2) 0.001 SOFA score 6 (4-10) 10 (8-12) 5 (3-7) 0.001 Vasopressor use on day one 201 (43.7) 96 (73.8) 105 (31.8) 0.001 Mechanical ventilation on day one 275 (59.8) 123 (94.6) 152 (46.1) 0.001