Clinical characteristics and risk factors of Talaromyces marneffei infection in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: A retrospective observational study

Hong-yan Wei, Wen-jie Liang, Bin Li, Ling-yu Wei, An-qi Jiang, Wei-dong Chen, Peng-hao Guo, Jia Xu

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of T. marneffei-infected patients, n (%)

Variables Total (n=25) Survival (n=15) Death (n=10) P-values Male Female 15 (60.0) 10 (40.0) 10 (66.7) 5 (33.3) 5 (50.0) 5 (50.0) 0.405 0.405 Median age, years, median (interquartile range) 51.3 (22.0-79.0) 50.6 (24.0-76.0) 52.4 (22.0-79.0) 0.801 Mean diagnostic days from admission, days, median (interquartile range) 9.2 (1.0-24.0) 7.5 (1.0-24.0) 11.9 (2.0-24.0) 0.147 Symptoms Fever Cough Dyspnea Chest pain or distress ENT/skin lesions Lymphadenopathy Bone or joint pain Edema and pain in lower extremities Digestive symptoms Urinary frequency & urgency Icterus Malaise 13 (52.0) 13 (52.0) 9 (36.0) 4 (16.0) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 8 (53.3) 8 (53.3) 5 (33.3) 3 (20.0) 2 (13.3) 1 (6.7) 2 (13.3) 0 (0) 1 (6.7) 2 (13.3) 1 (6.7) 1 (6.7) 5 (50.0) 5 (33.3) 4 (20.0) 1 (10.0) 0 (0) 1 (10.0) 0 (0) 2 (20.0) 1 (10.0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Comorbidities SLE COPD Renal transplantation Diabetes Pulmonary tuberculosis Cancer Nephrotic syndrome Pemphigus Ulcerative colitis Asthma Silicosis Rheumatoid arthritis Epilepsy Congenital heart disease Hypertension None Contact history of poultry 2 (8.0) 6 (24.0) 6 (24.0) 6 (24.0) 3 (12.0) 4 (16.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 1 (4.0) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.0) 1 (4.0) 0 (0) 3 (20.0) 4 (26.7) 3 (20.0) 3 (20.0) 3 (20.0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (6.7) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (6.7) 0 (0) 1 (6.7) 2 (13.3) 1 (6.7) 2 (20.0) 3 (30.0) 2 (20.0) 3 (30.0) 0 (0) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 0 (0) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 0 (0) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Antifungal therapies Monotherapy Combined therapy Azoles Echinocandins Amphotericin B 5-Flucytosine 19 (76.0) 8 (32.0) 11 (44.0) 14 (52.0) 12 (44.0) 6 (24.0) 1 (4.0) 11 (73.3) 3 (20.0) 8 (53.3) 8 (53.3) 5 (33.3) 4 (26.7) 1 (6.7) 8 (80.0) 5 (50.0) 3 (30.0) 6 (60.0) 7 (70.0) 2 (20.0) 0 (0) Chemotherapy 1 (4.0) 1 (6.7) 0 (0) Immunosuppressor 10 (40.0) 5 (33.3) 5 (50.0) 0.405 Glucorticoids 16 (64.0) 8 (53.3) 8 (80.0) 0.174 Co-infection 15 (60.0) 6 (40.0) 9 (90.0) 0.012* WBC ≥10×109/L 12 (48.0) 7 (46.7) 5 (50.0) 0.870 Neutrophil ≥6.3×109/L 14 (56.0) 8 (53.3) 6 (60.0) 0.742 Eosinophil ≥0.005×109/L 13 (52.0) 12 (80.0) 1 (10.0) 0.001* Monocyte counts ≥0.03×109/L 17 (68.0) 13 (86.7) 4 (40.0) 0.014* Lymphocyte ≥0.19×109/L 5 (20.0) 4 (26.7) 1 (10.0) 0.307 Hb ≥100 g/dL 15 (60.0) 9 (60.0) 6 (60.0) 1.000 PLT ≥10×109/L 19 (76.0) 12 (80.0) 7 (70.0) 0.566 BUN ≥8.6 mg/L 13 (52.0) 4 (26.7) 9 (90.0) 0.002* Cr ≥120 μmol/L 8 (32.0) 4 (26.7) 4 (40.0) 0.484 ALT ≥40 U/L 8 (32.0) 2 (13.3) 6 (60.0) 0.014* AST ≥40 U/L 7 (28.0) 1 (6.7) 6 (60.0) 0.004* TBIL ≥24 mmol/L 3 (12.0) 1 (6.7) 2 (20.0) 0.119 DBIL ≥6 mmol/L 3 (12.0) 1 (6.7) 2 (20.0) 0.315 IBIL ≥10.2 mmol/L 2 (8.0) 0 (0) 2 (20.0) 0.071 ALP ≥125 U/L 4 (16.0) 2 (13.3) 2 (20.0) 0.656 LDH ≥240 U/L 12 (48.0) 3 (20.0) 9 (90.0) 0.001* ALB ≥35 g/L 16 (64.0) 11 (73.3) 5 (50.0) 0.234 APTT ≥40 seconds 16 (64.0) 9 (60.0) 7 (70.0) 0.610 PT ≥14 seconds 18 (72.0) 10 (66.7) 8 (80.0) 0.467 TnT ≥0.014 ng/L 10 (40.0) 2 (13.3) 8 (80.0) 0.001* Mb ≥75 ng/mL 8 (32.0) 2 (13.3) 8 (80.0) 0.014* CK-MB ≥1.0 ng/mL 12 (48.0) 5 (33.3) 7 (70.0) 0.072 BNP ≥900 pg/mL 10 (40.0) 2 (13.3) 8 (80.0) 0.001* PCT ≥0.5 ng/mL 14 (56.0) 5 (33.3) 9 (90.0) 0.005* G test ≥50 9 (36.0) 0 (0) 9 (90.0) 0.000* GM test ≥1 5 (20.0) 1 (6.7) 4 (40.0) 0.041*