Factors associated with refractory pain in emergency patients admitted to emergency general surgery

William Gilliam, Jackson F. Barr, Brandon Bruns, Brandon Cave, Jordan Mitchell, Tina Nguyen, Jamie Palmer, Mark Rose, Safura Tanveer, Chris Yum, Quincy K. Tran

Table 4 Results from multivariable logistic regression to assess clinical factors and refractory pain among patients admitted to emergency general surgery from emergency departments

Independent variables Univariate logistic regression Multivariable logistic regression OR 95% CI P-value OR 95% CI P-value Serum lactate 4.60 2.80-7.60 0.001 3.80 2.10-6.80 0.001 Number of pain medication administration 0.84 0.75-0.95 0.001 0.80 0.68-0.98 0.020 Gender - male 2.30 1.20-4.40 0.008 1.80 0.65-5.20 0.250 Past medical history - any kidney disease 2.30 1.20-4.30 0.080 1.90 0.40-9.10 0.430 Emergency Severity Index 0.55 0.30-0.97 0.040 0.60 0.20-1.90 0.420 SOFA 1.40 1.20-1.70 0.001 1.10 0.80-1.50 0.570 Triage SBP 0.98 0.98-1.00 0.047 1.01 0.98-1.03 0.350 WBC 1.04 1.00-1.08 0.033 0.90 0.90-1.04 0.350 MEU per kg (body weight)* 0.05 0.00-0.60 0.007 0.10 0.01-1.50 0.380 Opioids+non-opioids* 1.30 0.50-3.70 0.590 1.60 0.40-6.30 0.490 IVF per kg (body weight)* 1.02 1.01-1.04 0.044 0.98 0.90-1.02 0.460 Number of antibiotics 1.50 1.03-2.10 0.032 1.60 0.90-2.80 0.090 Diagnosis - bowel obstruction 0.40 0.10-0.90 0.022 0.80 0.20-2.80 0.690 Diagnosis - bowel perforation 2.10 0.90-5.00 0.087 0.60 0.10-2.90 0.530