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Factors associated with refractory pain in emergency patients admitted to emergency general surgery
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William Gilliam, Jackson F. Barr, Brandon Bruns, Brandon Cave, Jordan Mitchell, Tina Nguyen, Jamie Palmer, Mark Rose, Safura Tanveer, Chris Yum, Quincy K. Tran
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Table 3 Comparison of ED interventions for patients with and without refractory pain
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| Parameters | All
(n=200) | No refractory pain
(group A)
(n=142) | Refractory pain
(group B)
(n=58) | P-value
(A vs. B) | | Number of pain medication administration, median (IQR) | 4 (3-6) | 4 (3-7) | 3 (3-5) | 0.001 | | Pain medication type, n (%)* | | | | | | No pain medication | 26 (13) | 13 (9) | 13 (22) | 0.020 | | Any opioids | 164 (82) | 123 (87) | 41 (70) | 0.010 | | Opioids+non-opioids | 20 (10) | 14 (10) | 6 (10) | 0.890 | | Non-opioids | 30 (15) | 20 (14) | 10 (17) | 0.730 | | Total MEU, mean±SD | 22±11 | 13±9 | 9±16 | 0.020 | | MEU per kg (body weight), mean±SD | 0.15±0.16 | 0.18±0.20 | 0.11±0.10 | 0.004 | | Total intravenous crystalloids (liter), mean±SD | 1.4±1.0 | 1.2±0.9 | 1.8±1.2 | 0.017 | | IVF per kg, mean±SD | 17±1 | 16±14 | 21±17 | 0.060 | | Any anti-emetics, n (%) | 134 (67) | 97 (68) | 37 (64) | 0.650 | | Total number of antibiotics, median (IQR) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 1 (0-2) | 0.038 | | Receiving any antibiotics, n (%) | 92 (46) | 60 (42) | 32 (55) | 0.130 |
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