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Factors associated with refractory pain in emergency patients admitted to emergency general surgery
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William Gilliam, Jackson F. Barr, Brandon Bruns, Brandon Cave, Jordan Mitchell, Tina Nguyen, Jamie Palmer, Mark Rose, Safura Tanveer, Chris Yum, Quincy K. Tran
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Table 2 Comparison of clinical factors between patients with and without refractory pain
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| Parameters | All
(n=200) | No refractory pain
(group A)
(n=142) | Refractory pain
(group B)
(n=58) | P-value
(A vs. B) | | SOFA score, mean±SD | 2±1 | 2±1 | 3±2 | 0.001 | | Shock index, mean±SD | 0.86±0.30 | 0.80±0.30 | 0.95±0.40 | 0.030 | | WBC (×109/L), mean±SD | 13±7 | 13±7 | 15±8 | 0.034 | | Lactate (mg/dL), mean±SD | 1.9±1.8 | 1.4±0.9 | 3.4±2.0 | 0.001 | | Triage GCS, median (IQR) | 15 (14-15) | 15 (14-15) | 15 (14-15) | 0.510 | | Triage pain score, mean±SD | 8±2 | 8±2 | 8±1 | 0.400 | | Triage SBP (mmHg), mean±SD | 133±20 | 135±27 | 127±32 | 0.070 | | Triage heart rate (beats per minute), mean±SD | 94±19 | 93±18 | 97±23 | 0.220 | | Pain score at ED departure, mean±SD | 5±3 | 4±3 | 8±2 | 0.001 | | Change of pain score, mean±SD | -3±3 | -5±2 | 0±1 | 0.001 | | ED length of stay (minutes), median (IQR) | 491 (327-728) | 524 (359-774) | 355 (233-570) | 0.001 | | Mortality, n (%) | 8 (4) | 3 (2) | 5 (9) | 0.047 | | Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 6 (3-10) | 6 (3-9) | 9 (4-15) | 0.002 |
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