Clearance effects of blood purification on chlorfenapyr and tralopyril in chlorfenapyr poisoning patients

doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2026.012

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: This study is to evaluate clearance effects of hemoperfusion (HP), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and plasma exchange (PE) for chlorfenapyr and its metabolite tralopyril in patients with acute poisoning.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 18 patients with acute oral chlorfenapyr poisoning treated at our department between January 2022 and January 2024. All patients received conventional therapies combined with blood purification, including HP, CRRT, and PE. HP was performed three sessions within the first 24 h, followed by CRRT and PE. Serial blood samples were collected to measure plasma concentrations of chlorfenapyr and tralopyril using gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS). The toxin-clearance effects were assessed using a linear mixed-effects (LME) model.

RESULTS: The hourly decline rate of the plasma chlorfenapyr concentration (median [IQR]) was 8.83% (1.79%) for HP, 4.12% (1.26%) for CRRT, and 6.85% (1.44%) for PE. LME analysis showed higher decline rate in the plasma concentration with HP (β=5.00; P<0.001) and PE (β=2.15; P=0.003) compared to CRRT. For tralopyril, the hourly decline rates were 3.04% (0.62%) for HP, 1.82% (0.48%) for CRRT, and 3.01% (0.37%) for PE. LME analysis showed that the clearance effects of HP (β=0.027; P<0.001) and PE (β=0.022; P=0.001) were superior to CRRT. Pre-treatment toxin levels and the interval from hospital admission to blood purification showed no significant interaction with clearance outcomes.

CONCLUSION: In our study, HP was associated with a higher decline rate in plasma chlorfenapyr concentration compared to CRRT and PE, supporting HP as a preferred early intervention. However, all three methods showed limited efficacy in reducing tralopyril levels. Further research into the toxicokinetics and mechanisms of chlorfenapyr is warranted to optimize purification strategies.

Key words: Chlorfenapyr, Tralopyril, Poisoning, Hemoperfusion, Plasma exchange, Continuous renal replacement therapy

Yu Gong, Yanling Dong, Yaqing An, Hongxin Zhang, Yiqing Sun, Yijiao Men, Hengbo Gao, Dongqi Yao, Na Meng, Yingping Tian. Clearance effects of blood purification on chlorfenapyr and tralopyril in chlorfenapyr poisoning patients[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2026, 17(1): 65-69.

Figures/Tables 5

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References 12

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Parameters	Survival group (n=11)	Non-survival group (n=7)
Age, years	35.09±13.59	39.86±15.26
Body mass index, kg/m²	20.99±1.78	21.20±1.64
Time from toxin exposure to the first blood purification, h	8.33±4.75	17.81±6.23
Initial chlorfenapyr concentration, ng/mL	202.10 (433.88)	141.87 (262.60)
Initial tralopyril concentration, ng/mL	654.98 (778.49)	2,892.09 (2,965.02)

Parameters	HP (n=42)*	CRRT (n=142)*	PE (n=24)*
Pre-treatment concentration, ng/mL	176.24 (285.52)	109.94 (170.49)	114.17 (158.33)
Post-treatment concentration, ng/mL	117.84 (195.02)	96.46 (148.86)	98.08 (122.93)
Duration, h	3.81 (0.28)	2.96 (0.36)	2.09 (0.30)
Hourly decline rate, %	8.83 (1.79)	4.12 (1.26)	6.85 (1.44)

Parameters	β	95% CI	t	P-value
Intercept	4.63	3.62-5.64	9.38	<0.001
Blood purification methods
CRRT	Reference
PE	2.15	0.76-3.53	3.05	0.003
HP	5.00	3.92-6.09	9.10	<0.001
Pre-treatment concentration, ng/mL	-0.00028	-0.00223-0.001667	-0.29	0.777
Time from admission to blood purification, h	0.0028	-0.0045-0.0100	0.759	0.449
Time from admission to blood purification (CRRT), h	Reference
Time from admission to blood purification (HP), h	-0.015	-0.033-0.002	-1.702	0.090
Time from admission to blood purification (PE), h	0.0052	-0.011-0.021	0.643	0.521

Parameters	HP (n=94)*	CRRT (n=287)*	PE (n=64)*
Pre-treatment concentration, ng/mL,	1,544.44 (1821.04)	1,791.34 (1605.56)	1,377.30 (1400.57)
Post-treatment concentration, ng/mL	1,386.58 (1611.19)	1,754.38 (1577.60)	1,306.31 (1344.76)
Duration, h	3.90 (0.47)	2.93 (0.33)	2.11 (0.19)
Hourly decline rate, %	3.04 (0.62)	1.82 (0.48)	3.01 (0.37)

Variables	β	95% CI	t	P-value
Intercept	0.0051	-0.0012-0.0114	1.591	0.114
Blood purification method
CRRT	Reference
PE	0.022	0.009-0.034	3.336	0.001
HP	0.027	0.017-0.036	5.355	<0.001
Pre-treatment concentration, ng/mL	-0.0000005	-0.000002-0.000001	-0.664	0.512
Time from admission to blood purification, h	-0.000024	-0.000018-0.000081	1.244	0.216
Time from admission to blood purification (CRRT), h	Reference
Time from admission to blood purification (HP), h	-0.000058	-0.00017-0.00005	-1.058	0.291
Time from admission to blood purification (PE), h	0.000024	-0.00013-0.000083	-0.442	0.659