Changes of public behavior alter weather-dependent strain on emergency medical services

doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2025.056

World Journal of Emergency Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 378-382.doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2025.056

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Changes of public behavior alter weather-dependent strain on emergency medical services

Calvin Lukas Kienbacher¹^,², Norah Al Rasheed¹^,³, Ibrahem Aldeghaither¹^,⁴, Esam E. Barnawi¹^,⁵, Jason M. Rhodes⁶, Harald Herkner²(), Feven Alemu⁶, Dominik Roth², Kenneth A. Williams²^,⁶

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Emergency Medical Services, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence 02908, USA
²Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
³Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
⁴Department of Emergency Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh 14214, Saudi Arabia
⁵Disaster Preparedness & Planning Department, Disaster Administration & Emergency Operation Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
⁶Rhode Island Department of Health, Center for Emergency Medical Services, Providence 02908, USA

Received:2024-09-10 Accepted:2025-02-11 Online:2025-07-18 Published:2025-07-01
Contact: Harald Herkner E-mail:harald.herkner@meduniwien.ac.at

1. supplementary files.zip(62KB)

Abstract

Calvin Lukas Kienbacher, Norah Al Rasheed, Ibrahem Aldeghaither, Esam E. Barnawi, Jason M. Rhodes, Harald Herkner, Feven Alemu, Dominik Roth, Kenneth A. Williams. Changes of public behavior alter weather-dependent strain on emergency medical services[J]. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2025, 16(4): 378-382.

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References 44

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Weather-dependent risk factor	IRR (95% CI)		P-value for interaction
Weather-dependent risk factor	Before pandemic	Since pandemic	P-value for interaction
Low apparent temperature	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	0.94 (0.93-0.95)	0.001
High apparent temperature	1.10 (1.09-1.11)	1.07 (1.06-1.07)	<0.001
Snow	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	0.95 (0.94-0.96)	0.009
Rain	1.00 (0.99-1.00)	0.99 (0.98-1.00)	0.150
Fog	1.01 (1.00-1.02)	1.00 (1.00-1.01)	0.100
Thunderstorms	1.05 (1.04-1.07)	1.04 (1.03-1.05)	0.070

Changes of public behavior alter weather-dependent strain on emergency medical services

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